BITCOIN HALVING

The Bitcoin Halving

If you’ve been in the crypto space for any length of time, you’ve no doubt heard of the famous Bitcoin “halving”. There’s a halving coming up in mid-2024, so the topic is in the news again, and there’s a good chance you have lingering questions about what it all means.

In order to best serve the Core community, and to help everyone understand the role that Core will come to play in the broader ecosystem, this piece will explore the mechanics behind the Bitcoin halving. It’ll also touch on the way in which Core’s unique Satoshi Plus consensus mechanism will work to make Bitcoin miners profitable long into the future.
What is the Bitcoin Halving? As you’re no doubt aware, the Bitcoin network is secured by its miners, who compete with one another to be the first to mine a new block by solving a particular cryptographic puzzle. When they’re successful, they’re rewarded with fresh Bitcoin in the Coinbase transaction for the block they’ve just finished mining.

When the Bitcoin network first kicked off circa 2009, this reward was worth 50 Bitcoin, and the protocol dictates that this amount decreases by half every time 210,000 blocks have been mined, which occurs approximately every four years.

In crypto circles this is known as a “halving”. The last halving happened in May of 2020 and cut the block reward down to 6.25 bitcoin per block; current projections have the next halving coming up sometime around April or May of 2024, which will be here sooner than you think.

Why Does the Bitcoin Halving Matter? There are a few reasons why the Bitcoin halving is important.

The first is theoretical. When Satoshi Nakamoto mined Bitcoin’s genesis block, he famously included a headline from Britain’s The Times:

“The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks”

Though he didn’t offer any explanation, this is but one of many pieces of evidence that Bitcoin was intended to act as a hedge against the malfeasance of money-printing central banks, whose endless inflation of fiat currency drives prices up and erodes the value of savings.

How is Bitcoin supposed to perform this function? This blog post isn’t the place for a deep exploration of monetary economics, but we can make a few high-level comments nevertheless.

Satoshi Nakamoto built the Bitcoin protocol to aggressively constrain the supply of Bitcoin over the long term. There will only ever be so much Bitcoin in existence, it’s released at a steady, predictable rate, and it’s issued in smaller and smaller amounts over time.

CORE BLOCKCHAIN

The Power and Responsibilities,

Blockchain technology holds enormous promise to empower individuals worldwide. At the heart of this promise is the concept of permissionlessness. By enabling anyone to participate, permissionless chains like Core can foster financial and digital inclusion, promote individual freedom globally, and provide all with access to secure digital resources. At the same time, these chains can also be a double-edged sword, potentially inviting malicious actors into the ecosystem. Thus, while promoting the value of permissionless chains, the Core community must also prioritize vigilance and educational efforts to maintain the security and integrity of the ecosystem.

Back to the Basics
At its simplest and greatest, a blockchain is a shared digital ledger for everyone and anyone to record transactions and interactions, without the possibility of anyone erasing or changing what’s been written. Built on a secure, cryptographic ruleset, everyone in the network agrees via a consensus protocol like Satoshi Plus on what’s written in the ledger, which keeps everything permanent and secure. The superpower of this technology is that it gets rid of the need for a middleman when individuals want to exchange digital assets or data. By design, blockchain technology removes the need for a third-party intermediary when transferring value, assets, or data, thus ushering in a new era of decentralized digital transactions.

Permissionless vs Permissioned Chains
Although most blockchains fit the above description, some so-called blockchains remove the focus from freedom, decentralization, and openness. As opposed to the permissionless vision of the original blockchains like Bitcoin, some blockchains are permissioned.


Permissioned chains are often seen as contrasting the foundational ethos of cryptocurrency because they restrict access to only a select group of participants, often enterprises and institutional users. For these networks, decisions are made centrally by the network’s pre-approved members. They lack the transparency inherent in their permissionless counterparts and have the power of enforcing censorship, which is against the principles of a free and open internet.


Permissionless chains, like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Core, offer a truly open and decentralized platform. They offer equal access for everyone, irrespective of their background, affiliation, or location, allowing anyone to explore on-chain information, view the blockchain’s entire history, and participate in the network’s consensus. For Core specifically, any individual can build or launch a dapp, run a Validator, or stake their tokens to participate in governance. Transparency, anonymity, and decentralization are not elements to run from, but rather embrace as they enable global accessibility to a free and open internet.

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3D BLOCKCHAIN

The 3D Blockchain:

An Introduction to Core’s Distribution and Tokenomics decentralization must permeate every aspect of any worthwhile blockchain, particularly the “Three D’s of Decentralization”:

1. Design

2. Distribution

3. Direction

3D decentralization.
Previous posts like Satoshi Plus Consensus have discussed Core’s design. This post begins the discussion around Core’s decentralized distribution, its effects on Core’s direction, and how Core is a 3D Blockchain.

2D Blockchains
Prior to Core, a 3D blockchain hadn’t been popularized in a long time. As described in The Merge is Here, new L1s have been scrambling for growth at all costs in order to win “The Layer One Race.” The results can often lead to centralized distributions. Token price movements are one of the most visible negative effects of centralized distributions. Historically, centralized distributions have often preceded early token price booms. With powerful investors potentially drawing attention to rapidly ascending chains combined with a low circulating supply as a result of investor lock-ups, tokens may be primed for post-launch jolts. Nevertheless, the final result of this race to the top may be a steep race to the bottom as lock-up periods expire and early investors liquidate their holdings.

Aside from price (which is not necessarily reflective of a blockchain’s fundamental value), the picture may be no less worrisome. When the initial token-base is concentrated in the hands of a small group of insiders, decentralization can suffer at all levels, including design and direction. Regarding design, a blockchain’s effectiveness often depends on the makeup of the token-base. For blockchains running on proof of stake and similar consensus mechanisms (as many new chains do), network security and censorship-resistance rely on the good faith of token holders. Thus, token-base centralization places the entire chain at risk of being manipulated, a concern first outlined in Core Blockchain Origins. This means that the measure of a blockchain’s success may more likely be defined by price rather than development. Price and development can be linked, but at the end of the day, investors tend to want to convert tokens into fiat. True builders envision a future in which that transfer is completely unnecessary. When those who passively purchase rather than utilize and build are at the wheel, as Jack Dorsey famously tweeted, “It will never escape their incentives.” Nevertheless, there is both a role and a place for investor participation. Rather than being inherently bad, it is a two-fold question regarding both the order of operations and the relative weight of distribution to properly and healthily introduce them. In designing Core, the users of the network have been prioritized on both of these vectors. At the time of mainnet, there has been no public or private sales of CORE tokens to investors.

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DAPPRADAR

DappRadar Integrates Core:

Ecosystem Empowerment with DappRadar’s Integration

DappRadar is expanding its coverage to Core in a key integration bringing additional order to Core’s expanding dApp landscape. In supporting the Core ecosystem, DappRadar will make it simpler and more efficient for users to discover and engage with dApps all while feeding developers better data to then improve protocols across Core.

The DappRadar Advantage: Navigating the Dapp Landscape with Ease

DappRadar, the World’s dApp Store, is acclaimed for its comprehensive tracking and insightful analytics of dApps across 55+ blockchains. By bringing DappRadar into the Core fold, users and developers gain an invaluable tool for monitoring dApp performance, user activity, and transaction volumes in real-time. This integration offers an upgraded level of transparency and user engagement within the Core environment.

A Dapp Store on Core:

Core users will benefit from DappRadar’s streamlined interface and powerful search capabilities, making it easier to discover new dapps that suit their needs. By filtering data and dApp product categories, users can make informed decisions with access to live metrics, ensuring they engage with the most active and reliable dApps on Core.

Developers also benefit from this enhanced user experience as DappRadar has built a substantial audience of trusting followers. In addition, DappRadar’s dApp data finds its way to partners through white label offerings and their API service. Now, developers on Core have the opportunity to showcase their projects to DappRadar’s broader audience.

A Platform for Visibility and Growth: In addition to aggregating audiences for Core dApps, developers can also enjoy significantly enhanced visibility, allowing them to track their dApp’s performance, gather user feedback, and fine-tune their applications based on real-world usage and analytics.

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CORE FAUCET

Introducing CORE Faucet

A Seamless Solution for New Wallets on Core Network The Core ecosystem is expanding rapidly. Following the launch of the Core Bridge powered by Layer Zero, over $5 million in stablecoins and over $1M worth of WETH are in circulation. With over 250 known projects building significant protocol infrastructure, the Core ecosystem is thriving and bringing more aboard every day. And now, onboarding is getting an upgrade. Despite all the positivity around the Core Bridge launch, many new would-be “Cores” are still having trouble using the Core blockchain for the first time. This issue arises because when users bridge to Core for the first time, they often don’t have any $CORE in their wallet to use one of the many amazing protocols on Core or access their shiny assets. In short, they get stuck!

To get new users unstuck when bridging to Core, we’ve created the CORE Faucet, which is now live! Now, the Core Bridge is incredibly easy to use. Moving forward, for anyone bridging assets onto the Core blockchain, the CORE Faucet will seamlessly and automatically deposit a small amount of CORE into their wallet, like magic, which is enough to cover the gas fee needed for transfers, or swaps. To use the CORE Faucet, simply connect your wallet to the Core Bridge, bridge over USDT, and the CORE from the faucet will arrive in your wallet. Note that this amount is small and is only meant to make the first transaction after a wallet’s first bridge process as easy and accessible as possible.

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ANKR RPC

Core is now supported by Ankr RPC

Core has integrated with top Web3 infrastructure provider Ankr to provide Core-specific Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs). This represents an enormous step forward for the Core blockchain and community, as it will make building on core vastly easier. With Ankr’s highly trusted RPC endpoints, builders can ensure smooth and incredibly fast performance for their dApps.

Ankr’s RPC Endpoints can be accessed here:
https://core.public-rpc.com/ and
https://www.ankr.com/rpc/core

Ankr RPC:
Ankr is a Web3 infrastructure protocol that provides decentralized, interoperable, chain-neutral tooling. Their goal is to build the smarter, more collaborative internet of the future by making it much easier for different blockchain projects to work together.

Thanks to its high performance and reliability, Ankr RPC enjoys a sterling reputation in the industry. What are the Ankr RPC Connections for Core? The Ankr RPC connections perform a handful of functions, which include (but are not limited to): Ankr’s Core-specific RPCs make it easy for crypto wallets, command-line interfaces, and dApps to set up connections to the Core blockchain. In essence, they act as a relayer transmitting information between Core nodes and various kinds of users, so that those users can do things like transact, tabulate the balance of a wallet, find who controls a given asset, and more. Core RPC endpoints can be thought of as a portal allowing developers to interface directly with the Core network, with none of the difficulty of creating and maintaining a bespoke Core node.

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BITCOIN HASH

40% of Bitcoin Hash Power

Is Now Securing the Core Network Core is currently receiving 40% of Bitcoin’s total hash power. This is a major milestone for Core, BTC miner sustainability, and Bitcoin miner utility.

Proof of Work involves miners transforming energy into digital currency. The incentive structure encourages miners to compete cooperatively to defend the network and earn Bitcoin rewards.

Spread across approximately 1M miners worldwide, this competitive environment prevents any single miner or group from a 51% attack on the network. This decentralization is the heart of Bitcoin’s security, eliminating any central point of failure.

The Benefits and Challenges for Miners

Recent price movement has generated a renewed interest in Bitcoin, which has been particularly beneficial to miners. Use-cases like Ordinals and BRC-20 tokens have also contributed to a boom in transaction fees and miner revenue.

These boosts to miner rewards are highly beneficial for the security of the Bitcoin network if they are sustained. However, Ordinals NFTs and BRC-20 meme coins are unlikely candidates for sustainable income sources that miners need, as these new technologies may succumb to boom-bust dynamics.

Prior to the current rally, mining organizations were suffering under price volatility, fierce competition for computational power, and soaring interest rates. Unfortunately, these forces (or others with similar effects) are likely to strike again at some point in the future. For miners to maximally sustain their business, they would benefit from additional revenue streams.

Core’s Relationship with Bitcoin

Miners are in a unique position to offer a type of “Decentralization as a Service,” which benefits Core and other external systems seeking to leverage Bitcoin’s governance without the constraints of directly building on top of the protocol. Specific to Core, miners are able to scale Bitcoin’s governance onto Core without affecting or endangering the Bitcoin network’s utility.

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COREDAO

Why Proof of Work?

Core Blockchain Origins articulated Core’s respect for its blockchain predecessors, particularly Bitcoin and Ethereum whose innovations laid the groundwork.

Satoshi Plus Consensus described Core’s novel consensus mechanism that combines the best aspects of Bitcoin and Ethereum.

The Merge Is Here voiced concerns regarding the growing trend away from decentralized consensus.

This post will break down many of the reasons why Bitcoin’s Proof of Work has been incorporated into Satoshi Plus consensus, thereby bucking the current trend and prioritizing decentralization at the core.

The Power of Proof of Work

When Satoshi Nakamoto designed Bitcoin, he needed an algorithm to validate transactions and secure the network without a centralized intermediary. Ultimately, Satoshi decided on Proof of Work, a system that leverages effort in the form of physical energy expenditure to deter malicious uses of computing power to disrupt the network.

When transactions are made on the Bitcoin Network, they are verified by nodes (to avoid double-spending) and grouped into a block. The proof of work algorithm then applies a hashing function to the block. Hashing takes an input of letters and numbers and irreversibly encrypts them into an output of fixed length using a mathematical formula. The output is publicly visible, but the input is hidden. Miners then race to discover the input to generate a target output associated with the hashing output. The miner that first succeeds in solving this puzzle gets to add that block to Bitcoin’s blockchain. Since it is far cheaper to verify the solution to the hashing algorithm than to be the first to solve it, other nodes can easily keep miners in check. Thus, only truthful miners earn the Bitcoin-denominated reward from newly minted coins or transaction fees.

In order to power the hardware used to successfully solve hashing algorithms to mine blocks, miners must expend high amounts of energy known as hashpower. The provable use of this power is the Proof of Work needed to ensure skin in the game when creating the blockchain ledger. Committing fraudulent transactions is just a waste of highly valuable energy as solving the mathematical, proof-of-work puzzle yields only expenses. For a more detailed explanation of Proof of Work, please read Satoshi Nakamoto’s original


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